A large and diverse set of manufactured materials are in powdered form at one stage or another. No matter what the material is - from cement to metered dose inhaler ingredients - product performance is related to particle size distribution.
“The strength of concrete is related to the fineness of the cement powder used, but the danger with very fine grades is excessive heating on setting,” says ASTM member Alan F. Rawle, Ph.D., applications manager, Malvern Instruments Inc. “The particle size distribution of the materials in a metered dose inhaler controls the entry of particles to the lungs, and thus has an effect on the efficacy of the treatment.”
A proposed new ASTM standard, ASTM WK45240, Test Methods for the Particle Size Distribution Measurement of Powdered Materials by Wet and Dry Laser Diffraction, will set out a general approach to measuring powders, suspensions, or slurries using the appropriate wet or dry methodology.
Rawle notes that anything in powdered, suspension, spray, or emulsion form is potentially measurable by laser diffraction and will be covered by ASTM WK45240. Applications in which particle size distribution is used to control final performance include:
• Fuel injection into diesel and gasoline powered automotive engines
• Emulsions such as milk and mayonnaise
• Perfumery
• Paints and coatings
• Ceramic plates and wash basins
“ASTM WK45240 will provide practical guidance on sampling, dispersion, verification, and correct use of optical constants,” says Rawle.
Important factors being considered in the development of the standard include the degree of precision required for a measurement, the top end size of the material, density of the sample, and, most importantly, the relation of the product performance to the measured numbers.
ASTM WK45240 is being developed by Subcommittee E29.02 on Non-Sieving Methods, part of ASTM International Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterization.
ASTM International welcomes participation in the development of its standards. For more information on becoming an ASTM member, visit www.astm.org/JOIN.
ASTM International is one of the world’s largest development and delivery systems of standards and related products and services. ASTM International meets the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles for the development of international standards: coherence, consensus, development dimension, effectiveness, impartiality, openness, relevance, and transparency. ASTM standards are accepted and used in research and development, product testing, quality systems, and commercial transactions.
For more information, visit www.astm.org/sn-metals
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